my mistake on the Titanium posting...was thinking Yttrium and posted Ti...

no Ti-alloy was found that I'm aware of...

The Bismuth Chloride (or Bismuth Oxychloride) may have been in sunblock back in 1971?

Titanium dioxide and zinc dioxide are both used in sunblock/sunscreen
Don't know if this device can identify that separately or what

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login


Sunscreen products to protect the skin against sunburn were first developed in the 1940s and have evolved from simple 'glacier creams' to a wide variety of delivery forms with 16 to over 30 different UV filter 'actives' approved globally to provide protection against incidental as well as prolonged intense sun exposure. These UV sun protection filter actives have been described by two classifications, 'chemical/organic' filters, that are typically either in liquid form, or readily dissolved into a liquid oil- or water-based medium, and 'physical/inorganic' filters that are insoluble particulates such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. The FDA 1978 Proposed Rule for Sunscreen Products describes titanium dioxide as 'a physical sunscreen'. 'It reflects and scatters UV and visible rays providing a barrier for sun-sensitive individuals_ Titanium dioxide scatters both UV and visible light radiation (290-700 nm) rather than absorbing the rays_ Titanium dioxide is recognized as a effective opaque chemical for use as a physical sunscreen because it scatters UV rays thereby preventing sunburn' 1. Within that initial Proposed Rule was a specification (_352.3c) for a sunscreen with only titanium dioxide as the UV filtering active to be described as 'sunscreen opaque sunblock - an opaque sunscreen active that reflects or scatters all light in the UV and visible range at wavelengths from 290 to 777 nm and thereby prevents or minimizes suntan and sunburn' 2. This definition for 'sunblock' was subsequently dropped in the 1999 Final Rule for Sunscreen Products primarily to recognize that the term 'sunblock' suggested total protection which was not appropriate for any sunscreen and also noting that micronized inorganic sunscreen filters did not function in this same way and also functioned via absorption based on a reference from Sayre et al. 3, 4. The concept that inorganic sunscreens function strictly via reflectance and scattering continues to persist in virtually every public descriptor of sunscreen actives.

Titanium dioxide and zinc dioxide are both used in sunblock/sunscreen
Don't know if this device can identify that separately or what

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login


Sunscreen products to protect the skin against sunburn were first developed in the 1940s and have evolved from simple 'glacier creams' to a wide variety of delivery forms with 16 to over 30 different UV filter 'actives' approved globally to provide protection against incidental as well as prolonged intense sun exposure. These UV sun protection filter actives have been described by two classifications, 'chemical/organic' filters, that are typically either in liquid form, or readily dissolved into a liquid oil- or water-based medium, and 'physical/inorganic' filters that are insoluble particulates such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. The FDA 1978 Proposed Rule for Sunscreen Products describes titanium dioxide as 'a physical sunscreen'. 'It reflects and scatters UV and visible rays providing a barrier for sun-sensitive individuals_ Titanium dioxide scatters both UV and visible light radiation (290-700 nm) rather than absorbing the rays_ Titanium dioxide is recognized as a effective opaque chemical for use as a physical sunscreen because it scatters UV rays thereby preventing sunburn' 1. Within that initial Proposed Rule was a specification (_352.3c) for a sunscreen with only titanium dioxide as the UV filtering active to be described as 'sunscreen opaque sunblock - an opaque sunscreen active that reflects or scatters all light in the UV and visible range at wavelengths from 290 to 777 nm and thereby prevents or minimizes suntan and sunburn' 2. This definition for 'sunblock' was subsequently dropped in the 1999 Final Rule for Sunscreen Products primarily to recognize that the term 'sunblock' suggested total protection which was not appropriate for any sunscreen and also noting that micronized inorganic sunscreen filters did not function in this same way and also functioned via absorption based on a reference from Sayre et al. 3, 4. The concept that inorganic sunscreens function strictly via reflectance and scattering continues to persist in virtually every public descriptor of sunscreen actives.

Not Titanium Dioxide... 

  Titanium, like aluminium, is found in relatively abundant quantities in the lithosphere and in soils, but is poorly absorbed and retained by plants

You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login

4.1.2.  Soils and sediments

    Though titanium is ubiquitous in its geographical distribution, regional levels vary considerably according to conditions such as weathering, fallout from consumption of fossil fuels, and incineration of refuse.  Sandy soils, e.g., sand, bog, loess, and calcareous soils contain less titanium than heavy clay soils. 

   According to an extensive review by Vinogradov (1959) of titanium values in soils from various parts of the world ..., the average concentration in soil appears to be below 5 g/kg.  However, some soils contain titanium dioxide at a concentration of about 10-100 g/kg.

    Grabarov (1970) found that the titanium content of soils in Kazakhstan, USSR, ranged from 2 to 7 g/kg but that only 10-50 mg/kg was in a readily soluble form.  Hussain & Islam (1971) measured titanium in soil, silt, and clay fractions of a number of soils from the Barind tract in Bangladesh.  The mean titanium dioxide content in the soils ranged from 6 to 12 g/kg with an average value of 8 g/kg.  The content in the clay fraction was higher than that in the silt fraction, with these soils showing signs of the development of argillic horizons.

    Soils in the vicinity of power and incineration plants and industrial discharges may be enriched in heavy metals and trace elements.  Klein & Russel (1973) reported that soils around a coal- burning power plant contained higher levels of trace metals than surrounding areas.  The average level of titanium in soils in the vicinity of this power plant was 92 mg/kg compared with a back- ground level of 56 mg/kg.  The enriched area covered 300 km2 with the enrichment confined to the upper 2 cm of soil.

    Nearly all exposures to titanium are to dusts, though some exposure to fume and vapour occurs in handling titanium tetrachloride.  Occupational exposure to titanium mainly occurs in the mining and production of the metal, and in the production and processing of titanium dioxide and carbide.  During the extraction and recovery of titanium from its major ores such as ilmenite and rutile, the atmospheric concentrations of the ores may reach levels commonly regarded as the maximum permissible for inert or nuisance dusts. 

    In the preparation of raw materials, i.e., crushing, grinding, mixing, and sieving of rutile concentrates and technical grade titanium dioxide - the concentration of dust depends on the humidity of the air and on the materials treated.  According to Kokorev et al. (1960), the dust concentration in the air of crushing rooms, containers, and transporters, amounted to 4- 6 mg/m3.  Considerable concentrations of titanium tetrachloride vapour were found in the chlorine department. 
    In some other departments, such as the crushing and classification departments, the concentration of titanium dust (titanium-rich slag containing about 70% titanium dioxide) may reach 30-50 mg/m3.

    Exposure to titanium and its compounds occurs not only in the production of metallic titanium, but also in processes in which it is used.  According to Mezenceva et al. (1963), in the production of hard alloys, the dust concentration in the air during the sieving of titanium carbide ranged from 20.3 to 40.2 mg/m3, while in the process of carbonization, it amounted to 22 mg/m3.

    Skurko & Brahnova (1973) reported high concentrations of titanium dust in the breathing zone of workers employed in the manufacture of titanium hydride.  High mean concentrations up to 500 mg/m3 were found in the hydrogenation shop, manual handling, screening, and packaging of the powder.  Cleaning of the retort resulted in a mean concentration of 210 mg/m3.

I think all those elements are found in dirt too.

Cooper was involved in electronics..

My buddy who I've known since the 70's is a electronics nut...he told me last year to look into the medical field when I showed him the elements...the radioactive ones alerted his reason..